The two most significant developments in navigation for many decades have been the introduction of global satellite navigation systems, such as GPS, and the electronic chart. In the case of...

Concepts concerning WECDIS and AML (Additional Military Layers) to support warfare at sea have been developed for quite a few years - now they are being realised. It was more...

The Electronic Chart situation has developed in an unexpected way. When the first standards for chart systems were being written, the concentration was on those installations which would become the...

The introduction of Electronic Chart Systems (ECS) and digital chart data to support these systems goes back more than twenty years to when the industry first started to realise the...

Italy is the first nation officially to adopt ECS systems - other than ECDIS - as equivalent standard to paper charts. The approved ECS systems, as defined by issued standard,...

The term ‘quality of an ENC’ can be defined in a straightforward way as the suitability of the ENC to provide for safe navigation within its geographical extent. This simple...

After a gap of five years, the 2nd ECDIS Conference took place in Singapore in October 2003. At first glance everything was as before: the venue of the conference, its...

News Harbour Approach Information Workshop A workshop organised by the HSB in Zeebrugge, Belgium, on 29th November 2002 was attended by more than sixty people. The topic for the workshop...

The theme of this issue is Hydrography for Exploration. I would like to draw your attention to the interview with Roger Lott, Head of Survey for BP Exploration. In this...

Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) are produced to the hydrographic standard S57 ed 3. In order to enjoy official status as ENCs they must accord with the product specification and be...