As more people adopt RTK GPS technology for measuring water levels, the issue of ellipsoid-geoid separation is increasingly being discussed. This article outlines various projects undertaken to calibrate this separation,...

Founded in 1878 in Paris, the Federation International des Geometres (FIG) is an international umbrella organisation for national surveying associations which covers all disciplines of the surveying profession. Commission 4...

Airborne Electro Magnetic Bathymetric (AEMB) mapping is useful in turbid and surf-zone waters where lidar systems are not fully effective. Coastal areas of hydrographic importance containing turbidity, shoals and channels...

The introduction of Electronic Chart Systems (ECS) and digital chart data to support these systems goes back more than twenty years to when the industry first started to realise the...

To support the production and maintenance of navigational charts, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) receives large quantities of bathymetric data from a great number of sources. This data is...

The next step in the presentation of hydrographic survey data is the integration of separate data sets into navigable three-dimensional models. Software tools now available allow contractors to produce geo-referenced...

HSA Systems Pty Ltd was founded in Sydney Australia in 1991 as Hydrographic Sciences Australia, the founding shareholders being Brian O’Neil and Jon Dean and initial business the provision of...

As far back as 1989 a provisional performance standard for Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) was published and a final standard adopted by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO)...

In 1996, an ECDIS conference titled ‘Five years of Broken Promises’ dealt with the non-availability of ENC data. At the 2nd International ECDIS Conference in 2003, a prominent speaker from...

As human use of the oceans continues to grow both in spatial scope of operations and diversity of activities, the use of hydrographic charts in roles other than navigation is...